The Pack

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The pack is very similar to a family. Some packs are large and have many wolves in them and some others are small and may have only two wolves in them.</FONT></div> <bR> <div> A typical pack of wild wolves would include:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f080ffff00.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Mother and Father wolf (The alpha pair)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f080ffff00.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Aunts and Uncles</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f080ffff00.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Their puppies</div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="0a538f00.jpg" border=0 width="312" height="240" ALIGN="RIGHT" HSPACE="5" VSPACE="5"></b></div> <div> Adolph Murie, who spent long periods observing wild wolves in Alaska, summed up his feelings about wolf personality [and pack life] in the following way:</div> <bR> <div> "The strongest impression remaining with me after watching the wolves on numerous occasions was their friendliness. This innate good feeling has been strongly marked in the three captive wolves which I have known."</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>Mech, L. David, "The Wolf: Ecology and Behavior of an Endangered Species."</b></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0e9edde0.jpg" border=0 width="237" height="222" ALIGN="LEFT" HSPACE="5" VSPACE="5"></div> <bR> <div> HOW BIG IS A PACK?<FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#FFFFFF" FACE="Arial" >  </FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FFFF80" FACE="Bookman Old Style" >Pack size has been reported to be as little as two wolves to as many as thirty-six wolves. This is very dependent on the habitat (surroundings) in which the wolves are living and the abundance of prey (food).  The more food, the larger the pack tends to be.  Wolves practice birth control and do not let the size of the pack grow to large.</FONT></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#0099FF" FACE="Bookman Old Style" >WHO ARE THE LEADERS OF THE PACK?</FONT><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#FFFFFF" FACE="Arial" >  </FONT>The wolf pack has two leaders: <I>Alpha Male</I> and <I>Alpha Female</I>.  The alpha male leads the males and the alpha female leads the females. The alpha pair maintains discipline in the pack.  Sometimes the lowering ranking animals participate, but usually the alpha pairs hold the pack together.</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#0099FF" FACE="Bookman Old Style" >RANKINGS<B>  </b></FONT>A wolf pack operates on a ranking system which is like a ladder, the alpha pairs at the top rung.  The next rung lower is occupied by the B<I>eta Male</I> and B<I>eta Female</I>.  Below these betas can be several ranks of animals, but they do not have official names.  The lowest rung of the ladder is occupied by wolves called <I>Omegas</I>.</div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="0e820f90.jpg" border=0 width="288" height="249" ALIGN="LEFT" HSPACE="15" VSPACE="15"><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FFFF80" FACE="Bookman Old Style" >Wolves achieve and maintain their position in pack rankings through the following communication behaviors:</FONT></div> <div> -Posturing</div> <div> -Stares</div> <div> -Physical Interaction</div> <bR> <div> Age of Rank Establishment    <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FFFF80" FACE="Bookman Old Style" >By the age of two years old, a wolf has usually found its place in the pack rankings. This starts early in life when the wolf was a puppy.  Puppies create their own ranking order when they are still only weeks old, and this can continue into adult hood.</FONT></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#33FFFF" FACE="Bookman Old Style" >Movement in Rankings   </FONT>The rankings of a wolf pack do change over time. The leader of the pack may grow old or get injured and unable to lead the pack. When this happens, the <I>Beta Wolf</I> (second in command) will assume the role of alpha.</div> <bR> <bR> <div> Challenging the alpha wolf on a continual basis is usual for the beta wolf. This challenge is usually very light and is not serious. It is more of a test.  As the years go by, a time will come when the beta will mount a serious challenge.  </div> <bR> <div> Even a serious challenge generally ends without harm to either animal.  If the beta wins the battle, the old alpha may be allowed to stay in the pack for a while.  This depends on how the alpha had ruled the pack.  Just like people, there are good rulers and bad rulers.  If the alpha were a gentle ruler, they may allow the alpha to stay and take the role of caretaker for the puppies.  In this case, the alpha does not really exist in the pack rankings and does not stay in the pack very long.</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="0db10db0.png" border=0 width="272" height="219" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="5" VSPACE="5"></div> <bR> <div> If the alpha was a cruel ruler, the pack will banish him/her or possibly kill him/her.  They will not let him/her stick around.</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>It pays to be NICE !</b></div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>