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Habitat
Greenland. Simply unique.
The largest island in the world, with an area of 843,880 square miles, Greenland makes its impression. But the true dimension of this island reaches the visitor's mind first when he stands in in the middle of nowhere and lets the view pass along the horizon in this arctic wilderness.
Not more than 55,000 inhabitants share this last paradise. Halibut and shrimp fisheries build the main industry. Connections between towns and settlements are made by boat or plane. Actually just three towns are reachable by plane; the others are connected by helicopter. Roads are limited to the area of a settlement. Coast liners are a normal and affordable form of travel.
Artists native to the North have created a deceptively simple written and visual art, its spare form originally dictated by their nomadic and oral cultures. The simple lines of the sculpture for which the Inuit are famous are deeply touching, and the poetic simplicity of the legends and poetry of both the Inuit and the Dene seize the imagination. One poem in particular, by Uvavnuk, an Igloolik Inuit, has haunted and inspired with its beauty ever since the turn of the century:
The Great Sea has set me
in motion
Set me adrift
And I move as a weed in
the river.
The arch of sky
And mightiness of storms
Encompasses me,
And I am left
Trembling with joy.
Greenland (Greenlandic Kalaallit Nunaat; Danish Grønland), island which is an internally self-governing part of Denmark, situated between the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Greenland lies mostly north of the Arctic Circle and is separated from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, on the west, primarily by Davis Strait and Baffin Bay, and from Iceland, on the east, by the Denmark Strait. The largest island in the world, Greenland has a maximum extent, from its northernmost point on Cape Morris Jesup to Cape Farewell in the extreme south, of 2,660 km (1,650 mi). The maximum distance from east to west is 1,300 km (800 mi). The entire coast, which is deeply indented with fjords, is roughly estimated at 44,000 km (27,000 mi). The total area of Greenland is 2,180,000 sq km (840,000 sq mi), of which 1,834,000 sq km (708,000 sq mi) is ice cap. The capital and largest city is Nuuk.
Innuit People
The Inuit ethnic groups in Greenland, North America, and the extreme northeast of Siberia depend on seals and walrus to provide both skins for clothing and meat for food. The skin and fur are fashioned into boots, pants, and jackets that protect them from cold temperatures and wet conditions. Ivory carving, especially of arctic animals such as the walrus, is a tradition among the Inuit that dates to prehistoric times. Even today, the carvings are an important part of the Inuit culture and economy. Many Inuit earn their living by selling the carefully crafted figurines.
Captivating, ancient and diverse, Greenland's vast arctic tundra is home to an extraordinary people and variety of wildlife. The Inuit have a connection to the land and its rich history is woven into a culture steeped in tradition and folklore. This is a world where the darkness of winter is tempered only by silver threads of moonlight and the vibrant glow of the Northern Lights. Arctic wolves hunt 1,000 mile territories, polar bears roam the ice floes stalking prey, and muskoxen thunder across the tundra, whales play and narwhals joust in ice-blue waters and Atlantic walruses can be seen basking on the rocky Arctic shoreline.
One of only a handful of the planet's great wilderness habitats, arctic Greenland is a world of contrast, complexity and delicate balance. From the rolling tundra and rushing rivers to the majestic fjords, lofty mountains and immense glaciers in the North and East, Greenland is 850,000 square miles of enthralling adventure, fascinating quests, and unique delights.
Icebergs sit frozen in sea ice in Meteorite Bay, northwestern Greenland.
Part of Greenland's icecap, the source of the icebergs, is visible in the background.
Ever since 15th-century explorers returned from the distant north with wild and woolly tales of a remote region of brutish hairy pygmies, unicorns, mind-bending visions and citadels of ice, Ultima Thule has been the fantasy of all fantasies. Poets from Virgil and Pytheas to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow have celebrated it in verse; the Weimar Republic used it as a template for one of their mythic Nordic-Germanic societies; and big-haired '70's rock bands, with a penchant for heavy feedback and fuzzy guitar solos, have used it as a clarion call to youthful rebellion.
Even the juggernaut of global technology has not flattened the myth. Greenland, and especially its northern regions of Ultima Thule, remains a land of fantastical and semi-mythical proportions. The aurora borealis, the vast tundra, the glittering columns of ice and the monstrous glaciers that calve icebergs into the sea are one thing; the cold, the igloos, the dogsleds and the proverbially tight-lipped Inuit are another. But any land that has a mirage-inducing atmosphere capable of conjuring up an entire city out of thin air, or turning a dog turd on the horizon into a sailing ship, has got to be worth visiting.
Statistics
Full country name: Greenland (Grønland) or Kalaallit Nunaat (local name)
Area: 2,175,600 sq km (848,484 sq mi); estimated 341,600 sq km ice-free, 1,834,000 sq km ice-covered
Population: 56,000
Capital city: Nuuk (Godthåb) (pop. 14,000)
People: 87% Greenlander, 13% Danish and others
Language: Eskimo dialects, Danish, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect)
Religion: Evangelical Lutheran, shamanism
Government: Self-governing Danish territory since 1979
Head of State: Queen Margrethe II of Denmark
Prime Minister: Jonathan Motzfeldt
GDP: US$945 million
GDP per head: US$16,100
Annual growth: 0.6%
Inflation: 1.2%
Major industries: fish processing (mainly shrimp), handicrafts, furs, small shipyards, tourism
Major trading partners: EU (esp. Denmark), Iceland, Japan, Norway, USA
Member of EU: no
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