Wolves
The Amarok (Wolf)
A wolf is a large predator that depends for its survival on large prey, such as deer, elk, caribou, and in some parts of its range, moose and bison that tip the scales at more than a thousand pounds. It has powerful jaws capable of exerting about 1500 pounds per square inch, or about twice that of the domestic dog. It is accustomed to a feast and famine existence, often going many days without eating and then gorging as much as 20 pounds in a single sitting. One of the wolf's most important roles in nature is to remove the sick and the weak, and in this way create a win-win relationship with its prey. The end result is a system which has succeeded for hundreds of thousands of years.
The arctic wolf lives in the area along the northern edge of the North American continent and northward to the North Pole, as well as along the eastern and northern shores of Greenland. Several large islands occupy the region between the north edge of the continent and the Pole. Although ice and snow permanently cover much of the area, parts of these islands become snow free between mid-June and mid-August and support enough low-growing plants to feed musk-oxen, Peary caribou, and arctic hares. These creatures constitute most of the food supply for the white wolves that live in this place called the "High Arctic."
Tundra wolves on the mainland are often brown or gray and weigh 30 to 40 kilograms, while arctic wolves on the islands are usually smaller and white. Wolves on the mainland and Baffin Island prey mostly on caribou, while arctic wolves on the smaller Arctic islands hunt mainly muskoxen and arctic hares.
Some wolves take the often abundant muskoxen almost exclusively, while other packs may concentrate on the large herds of arctic hares. Peary caribou are taken, but their mobility and small, scattered groups probably do not allow wolves to depend on them. We will also eat lemmings, birds, fish, foxes and garbage. Wolf packs tend to be small and widely scattered. We are usually found wherever there is suitable prey, but, being quick and secretive animals, we're never easy to spot. In winter and spring, you may see fresh tracks. With some luck you may even see the wolves that made them! In summer, wolves are often at inland denning sites raising pups or hunting. You will need considerable perseverance, patience and luck to see signs of us once the snow melts.
Arctic wolves really have never been hunted or seriously pursued in most of the High Arctic, contrary to their counterparts throughout the rest of the northern hemisphere. This makes them mostly unafraid of any human beings they do run into. Rather than flee at the very scent of a human, they merely stand and gaze. In some areas, they can even be coaxed up close. Of course, they are very rare, with pack territories covering at least 1,000 square miles.
Able to tolerate years of sub-zero temperatures, up to five months of darkness a year, and weeks without food, the arctic wolf lives in one of the few places on earth where it is safe from the greatest threat of all - man. Arctic wolves inhabit some of the most inhospitable terrain in the world. In April, the air temperature rarely rises above -22° F. The ground is permanently frozen. The arctic wolf is one of the few mammals that can tolerate these conditions. Details of the animal's life through much of the year are virtually unknown.
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